{"id":7561,"date":"2024-04-14T08:00:04","date_gmt":"2024-04-14T13:00:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/braindevs.net\/blog\/blog\/?p=7561"},"modified":"2024-04-11T07:40:34","modified_gmt":"2024-04-11T12:40:34","slug":"just-in-case-improving-online-learning","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.braindevs.net\/blog\/just-in-case-improving-online-learning\/","title":{"rendered":"Just In Case: Improving Online Learning"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>We teachers benefit A LOT from research-based guidance, but we do have to\u00a0acknowledge a few drawbacks:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">We can easily find LOTS of contradictory studies out there &#8212; so confusing!<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">The students or curriculum being researched might not be a good match for our own &#8212; so puzzling!<\/p>\n<p>And<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Research\u00a0<strong>takes a long time<\/strong> &#8212; so frustrating!<\/p>\n<p>In other words: we REALLY needed advice about online teaching during the pandemic-related Zoominess. But &#8212; because &#8220;research takes a long time&#8221; &#8212; we just didn&#8217;t have lots of relevant studies to guide us.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/braindevs.net\/blog\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AdobeStock_617926274.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-7569\" src=\"https:\/\/braindevs.net\/blog\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AdobeStock_617926274-300x200.jpeg\" alt=\"Middle schooler wearing headphones and doing work in front of her laptop at a desk\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.braindevs.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AdobeStock_617926274-300x200.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.braindevs.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AdobeStock_617926274-1024x683.jpeg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Of course, we&#8217;re now starting to get those studies we needed a few years ago: better now than never, I say.<\/p>\n<p>To be sure, few of us hope to return to full-time online teaching. But:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Some people do this work for a living (I have a friend who devotes herself to this work).<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Some school districts use Zoom during snow storms (or eclipses).<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Sometimes, online teaching is just practically required. I recently led a 2 hour PD workshop in Singapore&#8230;while I was in London.<\/p>\n<p>So, we still benefit from learning about this online teaching research &#8212; even if most of us hope we&#8217;ll use it only rarely.<\/p>\n<p>What useful nuggets have come to the surface?<\/p>\n<h2>Defeating the Blahs<\/h2>\n<p>If you&#8217;ve taught online, you know how quickly the blahs set in.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">No matter how interesting our content or how lively our presentation, the students quickly settle into polite apathy.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Screens wink off.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">We can practically SEE the mind-wandering in thought bubbles above our students&#8217; heads.<\/p>\n<p>Is there anything we can do to counteract this seemingly inevitable lethargy?<\/p>\n<p>A research team in Germany set out to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0940960223000055\">investigate this question<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Specifically, they wanted to know if &#8220;interaction-enhanced online teaching&#8221; could overcome the blahs.<\/p>\n<p>What, you ask, is &#8220;interaction-enhanced online teaching,&#8221; <em>exactly<\/em>?<\/p>\n<p>The researchers used several interactive techniques:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Students in this group kept their <em>cameras on<\/em>,<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><em>answered questions<\/em> at random times during the lecture,<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">and <em>took a quiz<\/em> on the material at the conclusion of the lecture.<\/p>\n<p>So, did these changes help?<\/p>\n<h2>The Envelopes, Please&#8230;<\/h2>\n<p>To answer this question, researchers focused much less on\u00a0students&#8217;\u00a0<strong>learning<\/strong> and much more on the students<em>\u00a0<\/em><strong>attention<\/strong>. Specifically, they focused on a sub-component of attention called &#8220;alertness.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>This subcomponent means exactly what you think it does: &#8220;how much physiological energy is the student experiencing at this moment?&#8221; (Teachers typically face two &#8220;alertness&#8221; problems: too much [students running around with scissors] or too little [students falling asleep, with or without scissors].)<\/p>\n<p>To track alertness, the research team measured all sorts of variables: the students&#8217; heartbeat, the amount of cortisol in their saliva, and their own self-ratings.<\/p>\n<p>So, did always-on cameras and random questions affect these variables? Specifically, did these students show <em>higher alertness levels<\/em> than others who simply watched the lecture &#8212; without the alertness bells-n-whistles?<\/p>\n<p>The short answer is: <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>yup<\/b>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Because those variables (heart rate, cortisol) are frankly rather obscure, it probably doesn&#8217;t help to rattle off the numbers. (You can check them out in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0940960223000055\" target=\"_blank\">study itself<\/a>.)<\/p>\n<p>But the trends are clear: all\u00a0that alertness enhancing did the trick. Students had more energy during the online presentation.<\/p>\n<h2>Classroom Implications<\/h2>\n<p>In my view, this study has lots going for it.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong>First,\u00a0<\/strong>its recommendations <em>just make sense<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Both daily experience and a decade or so of research shows that students who have to pay attention &#8212; they might have to answer a question soon! &#8212; remain alert and learn more.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong>Second,\u00a0<\/strong>its recommendations are\u00a0<em>easy to enact<\/em>. While creating random questions and post-class retrieval practice might take some additional effort, doing so isn&#8217;t an enormous task.<\/p>\n<p>The topic of &#8220;keeping the camera on&#8221; creates controversy in some places &#8212; and I can imagine circumstances where it&#8217;s not appropriate. But I suspect in most cases, a &#8220;camera on&#8221; policy is an entirely reasonable baseline.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong>Third,<\/strong> this &#8220;interaction enhancing&#8221; improves alertness &#8212;\u00a0<em>and probably helps students learn more<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>The study&#8217;s authors are quite cautious about this claim; for technical reasons, it&#8217;s difficult to measure &#8220;learning&#8221; in this research paradigm.<\/p>\n<p>But they found that increased alertness correlated with more learning. And: it certainly makes sense that <em>students who pay attention learn more<\/em>.<\/p>\n<h2>TL;DR<\/h2>\n<p>If we must teach online, we&#8217;ve got a few simple strategies to promote student alertness:<\/p>\n<p>If we ask students to keep their cameras on, answer questions every now and then, and undertake retrieval practices exercises&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>&#8230;they pay more attention, and probably learn more.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>A Technical Footnote about Vocabulary<\/h2>\n<p>In the field of psychology, vocabulary can get tricky. We often have several words to describe more-or-less the same psychological concept. (E.g.: &#8220;the testing effect&#8221; and &#8220;retrieval practice.&#8221;)<\/p>\n<p>This thing that I&#8217;m calling &#8220;alertness&#8221; is &#8212; in fact &#8212; often called &#8220;alertness&#8221;: so I&#8217;m not using an incorrect word. But it&#8217;s <em>more<\/em> often called &#8220;arousal&#8221;; this research team uses that word in their study.<\/p>\n<p>Now, I&#8217;m a high-school teacher &#8212; so I do not like that word; as the kids say, &#8220;it squicks me out.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>So, in this blog post, I&#8217;ve preferred the word &#8220;alertness.&#8221; If you read the study its based on, you&#8217;ll see the other a-word.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>Gellisch, M., Morosan-Puopolo, G., Wolf, O. T., Moser, D. A., Zaehres, H., &amp; Brand-Saberi, B. (2023). Interactive teaching enhances students&#8217; physiological arousal during online learning.\u00a0<i>Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger<\/i>,\u00a0<i>247<\/i>, 152050.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>We teachers benefit A LOT from research-based guidance, but we do have to\u00a0acknowledge a few drawbacks: We can easily find LOTS of contradictory studies out there &#8212; so confusing! The students or curriculum being researched might not be a good match for our own &#8212; so puzzling! And Research\u00a0takes a long time &#8212; so frustrating! [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":7569,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[218,31,100],"class_list":["post-7561","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lb-blog","tag-alertness","tag-attention","tag-online-learning"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.braindevs.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7561","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.braindevs.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.braindevs.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.braindevs.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.braindevs.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7561"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/www.braindevs.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7561\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7571,"href":"https:\/\/www.braindevs.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7561\/revisions\/7571"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.braindevs.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7569"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.braindevs.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7561"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.braindevs.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7561"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.braindevs.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7561"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}