{"id":4888,"date":"2019-09-04T08:00:12","date_gmt":"2019-09-04T13:00:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/braindevs.net\/blog\/blog\/?p=4888"},"modified":"2019-08-22T09:59:29","modified_gmt":"2019-08-22T14:59:29","slug":"welcoming-students-by-welcoming-their-values","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.braindevs.net\/blog\/welcoming-students-by-welcoming-their-values\/","title":{"rendered":"Welcoming Students by Welcoming Their Values"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>What happens when students have the chance to write about their own values?<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/braindevs.net\/blog\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/AdobeStock_171288105_Credit.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-4893\" src=\"https:\/\/braindevs.net\/blog\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/AdobeStock_171288105_Credit-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.braindevs.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/AdobeStock_171288105_Credit-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.braindevs.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/AdobeStock_171288105_Credit-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.braindevs.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/AdobeStock_171288105_Credit-1024x683.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Could an exercise that simple make a difference in school? Could it help especially vulnerable students?<\/p>\n<p>This idea sounds too good to be true, but it has increasing support behind it. The most recent news comes from Great Britain&#8230;<\/p>\n<h2>The Background: Stereotype Threat<\/h2>\n<p>Back in the 1990s, Claude Steele and other researchers found that stereotypes led to a complex, counter-intuitive thought process.*<\/p>\n<p>The short version goes like this: students who know they might be stereotyped often want to <em>disprove<\/em> those stereotypes. Paradoxically, their efforts to do so lead them to adopt counter-productive strategies.<\/p>\n<p>As a result, they do less well than they otherwise might have done &#8212; and (tragically) reconfirm to themselves the stereotypes they&#8217;ve been trying to defeat.<\/p>\n<p>Steele dubbed this process <strong>stereotype threat<\/strong>.**<\/p>\n<p>As researchers explored this phenomenon, they quickly got to work trying to figure out solutions.<\/p>\n<h2>Solutions: &#8220;Values Affirmation&#8221;<\/h2>\n<p>Happily, we&#8217;ve got lots of strategies to combat stereotype threat.<\/p>\n<p>It turns out that <em>growth mindset<\/em> interventions have a big effect. For instance, <a href=\"http:\/\/iaccp.org\/sites\/default\/files\/walton_cohen_11_science_social-belonging_intervention_0.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">this study<\/a> by Walton &amp; Cohen still amazes me.<\/p>\n<p>A less well-known approach follows this chain of logic:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">If students in my class feel a valued and welcomed member of it, they&#8217;ll have less cause to worry about potential stereotypes in the atmosphere.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">If that&#8217;s true, then anything I can do to promote a feeling of belonging should reduce ST.<\/p>\n<p>What, then, might I do?<\/p>\n<p>Several researchers in the US have tried a simple writing strategy. Students have the opportunity to<em> write about their values system<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>In theory, this writing should make them feel more welcome, should reduce the salience of stereotypes, should thereby let more learning happen. (Of course, the theory is more complex, but that&#8217;s the gist of it.)<\/p>\n<p>The approach is called\u00a0<strong>values affirmation<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h2>Exporting Solutions to Great Britain<\/h2>\n<p>Values affirmation has been tested as an anti-stereotype-threat strategy in the US, and has had good results.\u00a0 (For instance, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.columbia.edu\/cu\/psychology\/vpvaughns\/assets\/pdfs\/Changing%20Environments%20by%20Changing%20Individuals.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here<\/a>.)<\/p>\n<p>Would it work elsewhere?<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pauldolan.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Self-affirmation-reduces-the-socioeconomic-attainment-gap-in-schools-in-England2019.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Researchers in Great Britain<\/a> asked that question, because stereotypes depend so much on local context.<\/p>\n<p>For instance: academic stereotypes in the United States focus largely on <em>race and gender<\/em>. Unsurprisingly, most US research focuses on those two topics.<\/p>\n<p>In Great Britain, stereotypes about <em>social class<\/em> prove much more damaging. So, Ian Hadden and others wanted to know if <em>values affirmation<\/em> counteracts <em>stereotype threat<\/em> based on <em>social class<\/em> (as well as ST based on race and gender).<\/p>\n<h2>Details of the Study<\/h2>\n<p>Several hundred students took part in a free-writing exercise three times a year.<\/p>\n<p>One control group wrote about their morning routine.<\/p>\n<p>A second control group wrote about<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>&#8220;values that are the least important to you, but might be important to someone else.&#8221;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>The experimental group wrote about<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>&#8220;values that are the most important things for you personally, and why these things are important for you.&#8221;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>In earlier studies, for example, people wrote about friendships, or service to others, or their religious faith.<\/p>\n<p>As predicted, these values affirmation prompts neither helped nor hurt the students from relatively high socio-economic status. After all, in <em>this<\/em> context, this group faced no stereotype threat.<\/p>\n<p>However, these writing assignments made a substantial difference for those who receive free- or reduced-price lunch (that is: students from low socio-economic status families.)<\/p>\n<p>By one measure, they <strong>cut the achievement gap by 62%<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Technically speaking, that&#8217;s AMAZING.<\/p>\n<h2>In Sum<\/h2>\n<p>It sounds too good to be true, but&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>By letting students write about their own values, teachers in this school helped students from low socio-economic status families feel more welcome in their classrooms.<\/p>\n<p>As a result, they experienced stereotype threat less often.<\/p>\n<p>And, as a result of that, students learned more.<\/p>\n<p>Simply put: we can welcome our students by welcoming their values.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>* In recent years, several non-replications have led scholars to doubt early research into stereotype threat. This is, in other words, a controversial research pool. I myself think the early research holds together well, and that &#8212; given the complexity of the process that leads to ST &#8212; non-replications aren&#8217;t wholly surprising. To be clear: some thoughtful and knowledgeable disagree with me.<\/p>\n<p>In any case, this study (a <em>non<\/em>-non-replication) suggests that the theory might well have merit.<\/p>\n<p>** In my experience, people often react very badly to that phrase. It seems to imply <em>blame<\/em>: &#8220;if only you bad people didn&#8217;t promote stereotypes,&#8221; some people hear, &#8220;then this problem would go away.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>However, Steele explicitly rejects that kind of blame. He defines the problem not so much in individuals as\u00a0<strong>in the environment<em>.\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>Everyone knows the stereotype that X people are bad at Y, and so stereotype threat takes place <em>even if none of the people in the room believe the stereotype<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>To repeat:\u00a0<strong>Steele isn&#8217;t blaming<em>.\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>He&#8217;s identifying the social contexts in which counter-productive thought process get started, and trying to fix them.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A simple free-writing assignment about values helped students feel more welcome in their school. Amazingly, as a result, some students did better in school.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":4893,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[102],"class_list":["post-4888","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lb-blog","tag-stereotype-threat"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.braindevs.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4888","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.braindevs.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.braindevs.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.braindevs.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.braindevs.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4888"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.braindevs.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4888\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4895,"href":"https:\/\/www.braindevs.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4888\/revisions\/4895"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.braindevs.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4893"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.braindevs.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4888"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.braindevs.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4888"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.braindevs.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4888"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}